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Mir, TA and Ausloos, M (2026). On (Newcomb-)Benford’s law: a tale of two papers and of their disproportionate citations. How citation counts can become biased. PreprintvarXiv:2601.02395 [physics.soc-ph]; last accessed August 8, 2026 .

This work cites the following items of the Benford Online Bibliography:

Ausloos, M, Cerqueti, R and Mir, TA (2017). Data science for assessing possible tax income manipulation: The case of Italy. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 104, pp. 238–256. DOI:10.1016/j.chaos.2017.08.012. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Ausloos, M, Ficcadenti, V, Dhesi, G and Shakeel, M (2021). Benford's laws tests on S&P500 daily closing values and the corresponding daily log-returns both point to huge non-conformity. Preprint arXiv:2104.07962 [q-fin.ST]; last accessed April 30, 2021. To appear in: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 574. DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2021.125969. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Ausloos, M, Herteliu, C and Ileanu, B-V (2015). Breakdown of Benford’s law for birth data. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications Volume 419, pp. 736–745. ISSN/ISBN:0378-4371. DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2014.10.041. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Benford, F (1938). The law of anomalous numbers. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 78, No. 4 (Mar. 31, 1938), pp. 551-572. View Complete Reference Online information No Bibliography works referenced by this work. Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Hill, TP (2011). Benford's Law Strikes Back: No Simple Explanation in Sight for Mathematical Gem. The Mathematical Intelligencer 33(1), pp. 85-91. DOI:10.1007/ s00283-010-9182-3. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Hill, TP (2015). An Introduction to Benford's Law. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ. ISSN/ISBN:9780691163062. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Boring, EG (1920). The logic of the normal law of error in mental measurement. American Journal of Psychology 31, pp. 1-33. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9556. DOI:10.2307/1413989. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Campanario, JM and Coslado, MA (2011). Benford's law and citations, articles and impact factors of scientific journals. Scientometrics 88(2), pp. 421-432. DOI:10.1007/s11192-011-0387-9. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Capalbo, F, Galati, L, Lupi, C and Smarra, M (2023). Local elections and the quality of financial statements in municipally owned entities: A Benford analysis. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 173 p. 113752. DOI:10.1016/j.chaos.2023.113752. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Cerqueti, R and Lupi, C (2021). Some New Tests of Conformity with Benford's Law. Stats 4(3), pp. 745-761. DOI:10.3390/stats4030044. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Cohen, DIA (1976). An Explanation of the First Digit Phenomenon. Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A 20(3), pp. 367-370. ISSN/ISBN:0097-3165. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Diaconis, P (1977). The Distribution of Leading Digits and Uniform Distribution Mod 1. Annals of Probability 5(1), pp. 72-81. ISSN/ISBN:0091-1798. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Diaconis, P and Freedman, D (1979). On Rounding Percentages. Journal of the American Statistical Association 74(366), pp. 359-364. ISSN/ISBN:0162-1459. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Drake, PD and Nigrini, MJ (2000). Computer assisted analytical procedures using Benford’s law. Journal of Accounting Education 18, pp. 127-146. DOI:10.1016/S0748-5751(00)00008-7. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Fairthorne, RA (1969). Progress in Documentation - Empirical Hyperbolic Distributions (Bradford-Zipf-Mandelbrot) for Bibliometric Description and Prediction. Journal of Documentation 25(4), pp. 319-343; reprinted 2005 in Journal of Documentation 61(2), pp. 171-193. ISSN/ISBN:0022-0418. DOI:10.1108/00220410510585179. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Feller, W (1971). An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications. 2nd ed., J. Wiley (see p 63, vol 2). View Complete Reference No online information available Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Furry, WH and Hurwitz, H (1945). Distribution of numbers and distribution of significant figures. Nature 155(3924), pp. 52-53. DOI:doi:10.1038/155052a0. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Golbeck, J (2023). Benford’s Law applies to word frequency rank in English, German, French, Spanish, and Italian. PLoS ONE 18(9), pp. e0291337. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0291337. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Goudsmit, SA (1977). Pitfalls in Elementary Probability. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 121(2), pp. 188-189. ISSN/ISBN:0003-049X. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Goudsmit, SA and Furry, WH (1944). Significant figures of numbers in statistical tables. Nature 154(3921), pp. 800-801. ISSN/ISBN:0028-0836. DOI:10.1038/154800a0. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Hill, TP (1988). Random-Number Guessing and the First Digit Phenomenon. Psychological Reports 62(3), pp. 967-971. ISSN/ISBN:0033-2941. DOI:10.2466/pr0.1988.62.3.967. View Complete Reference No online information available Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Hill, TP (1995). The Significant-Digit Phenomenon. American Mathematical Monthly 102(4), pp. 322-327. DOI:10.2307/2974952. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Hill, TP (1995). A Statistical Derivation of the Significant-Digit Law. Statistical Science 10(4), pp. 354-363. ISSN/ISBN:0883-4237. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Hill, TP (1995). Base-Invariance Implies Benford's Law. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 123(3), pp. 887-895. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9939. DOI:10.2307/2160815. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Hill, TP (1999). The difficulty of faking data. Chance 12(3), pp. 27-31. DOI:10.1080/09332480.1999.10542154. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Hsü, EH (1948). An Experimental Study on "Mental Numbers" and a New Application. The Journal of General Psychology 38, pp. 57-67. DOI:10.1080/00221309.1948.9711768. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Kossovsky, AE (2014). Benford's Law: Theory, the General Law of Relative Quantities, and Forensic Fraud Detection Applications. World Scientific Publishing Company: Singapore. ISSN/ISBN:978-981-4583-68-8. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Logan, JL and Goudsmit, SA (1978). The First Digit Phenomenon. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 122(4), pp. 193-197. ISSN/ISBN:0003-049X. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Miller, SJ (ed.) (2015). Benford's Law: Theory and Applications. Princeton University Press: Princeton and Oxford. ISSN/ISBN:978-0-691-14761-1. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Mir, TA (2012). The law of the leading digits and the world religions. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 391 (2012), pp. 792-798. DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2011.09.001. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Mir, TA (2016). Citations to articles citing Benford's law: a Benford analysis. arXiv:1602.01205; posted Feb 3, 2016. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Mir, TA and Ausloos, M (2018). Benford's law: a 'sleeping beauty' sleeping in the dirty pages of logarithmic tables. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 69(3) pp. 349–358. DOI:10.1002/asi.23845. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Mir, TA, Ausloos, M and Cerqueti, R (2014). Benford’s law predicted digit distribution of aggregated income taxes: the surprising conformity of Italian cities and regions. Eur. Phys. J. B (2014) 87: 261. ISSN/ISBN:1434-6028. DOI:10.1140/epjb/e2014-50525-2. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Newcomb, S (1881). Note on the frequency of use of the different digits in natural numbers. American Journal of Mathematics 4(1), pp. 39-40. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9327. DOI:10.2307/2369148. View Complete Reference Online information No Bibliography works referenced by this work. Works that reference this work
Nigrini, MJ (1992). The Detection of Income Tax Evasion Through an Analysis of Digital Frequencies. PhD thesis, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Nigrini, MJ (1996). A taxpayer compliance application of Benford’s law. Journal of the American Taxation Association 18(1), pp. 72-91. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Nigrini, MJ (1996). Digital Analysis and the Reduction of Auditor Litigation Risk. Proceedings of the 1996 Deloitte & Touche / University of Kansas Symposium on Auditing Problems, ed. M. Ettredge, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, pp. 69-81. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Nigrini, MJ (1999). I’ve got your number. Journal of Accountancy 187(5), pp. 79-83. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Nigrini, MJ (2001). Digital Analysis Using Benford's Law: Tests and Statistics for Auditors. EDPACS - The EDP Audit, Control, and Security Newsletter 28(9), pp. 1-2. DOI:10.1201/1079/43266.28.9.20010301/30389.4. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Nigrini, MJ (2012). Benford's Law: Applications for Forensic Accounting, Auditing, and Fraud Detection . John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, New Jersey. ISSN/ISBN:978-1-118-15285-0. DOI:10.1002/9781119203094. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Nigrini, MJ and Mittermaier, LJ (1997). The use of Benford's Law as an aid in analytical procedures. Auditing - A Journal of Practice & Theory 16(2), 52-67. ISSN/ISBN:0278-0380. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Pinkham, RS (1961). On the Distribution of First Significant Digits. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 32(4), pp. 1223-1230. ISSN/ISBN:0003-4851. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Raimi, RA (1969). On Distribution of First Significant Figures. American Mathematical Monthly 76(4), pp. 342-348. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9890. DOI:10.2307/2316424. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
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Raimi, RA (1976). The First Digit Problem. American Mathematical Monthly 83(7), pp. 521-538. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9890. DOI:10.2307/2319349. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Riccioni, J and Cerqueti, R (2018). Regular paths in financial markets: Investigating the Benford’s law. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 107, pp. 186-194. DOI:10.1016/j.chaos.2018.01.008. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
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Whyman, G (2021). Origin, Alternative Expressions of Newcomb-Benford Law and Deviations of Digit Frequencies. Applied Mathematics 12, pp. 578-586. ISSN/ISBN:2152-7385. DOI:10.4236/am.2021.127041. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Wlodarski, J (1971). Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers tend to obey Benford’s law. Fibonacci Quarterly 9, 87-88. View Complete Reference No online information available Works that this work references Works that reference this work
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