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Miller, SJ (ed.) (2015). Benford's Law: Theory and Applications. Princeton University Press: Princeton and Oxford.

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Anderson, KM, Dayaratna, K, Gonshorowski, D and Miller, SJ (2022). A New Benford Test for Clustered Data with Applications to American Elections. Stats 5(3), pp. 841–855. DOI:10.3390/stats5030049 . View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Ausloos, M, Ficcadenti, V, Dhesi, G and Shakeel, M (2021). Benford’s laws tests on S&P500 daily closing values and the corresponding daily log-returns both point to huge non-conformity. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 574, pp. 125969. DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2021.125969. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Ausloos, M, Ficcadenti, V, Dhesi, G and Shakeel, M (2021). Benford's laws tests on S&P500 daily closing values and the corresponding daily log-returns both point to huge non-conformity. Preprint arXiv:2104.07962 [q-fin.ST]; last accessed April 30, 2021. To appear in: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 574. DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2021.125969. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Avcı, O and Demirci, Z (2016). Benford Kanunu’nun Vergi Denetiminde Kullanımı Ve Bir Örnek Uygulama [Use of Benford's Law in Tax Auditing and A Sample Application] . İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırması Dergisi 5(7), pp. 2232-2246. DOI:10.15869/itobiad.260262. TUR View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Ay, B and Efrem, N (2021). Benford’s law applied to sale prices on the Swedish housing market. Bachelor thesis, Department of Statistics Nr 2021:13, Stockholms Universitet. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Balado, F and Silvestre, GCM (2024). General Distributions of Number Representation Elements. Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 38(3), pp. 594-616 . DOI:10.1017/S0269964823000207. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Barabesi, L, Cerasa, A, Cerioli, A and Perrotta, D (2018). Goodness-of-fit testing for the Newcomb-Benford law with application to the detection of customs fraud. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 36(2), pp. 346-358. DOI:10.1080/07350015.2016.1172014. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Barabesi, L, Cerasa, A, Cerioli, A and Perrotta, D (2021). On characterizations and tests of Benford’s law. Journal of the American Statistical Association. DOI:10.1080/01621459.2021.1891927. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Barabesi, L, Cerioli, A and Di Marzio, M (2023). Statistical models and the Benford hypothesis: a unified framework. TEST. DOI:10.1007/s11749-023-00881-y. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Barabesi, L, Cerioli, A and Perrotta, D (2021). Forum on Benford’s law and statistical methods for the detection of frauds. Statistical Methods & Applications 30, pp. 767–778. DOI:10.1007/s10260-021-00588-0. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Barabesi, L and Pratelli, L (2020). On the Generalized Benford law. Statistics & Probability Letters 160, 108702 . DOI:10.1016/j.spl.2020.108702. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Bastian, H, Frye, E, Gary, C, Houck, D, Schneider, M, Thomason, F and Werner, B (2021). Data Analytics to Enhance Election Transparency. Critique of MITRE Report MP210086, Appendix C. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Becker, T, Burt, D, Corcoran, TC, Greaves-Tunnell, A, Iafrate, JR, Jing, J, Miller, SJ, Porfilio, JD, Ronan, R, Samranvedhya, J, Strauch, FW and Talbut, B (2018). Benford's Law and Continuous Dependent Random Variables. Annals of Physics 388, pp. 350–381. DOI:10.1016/j.aop.2017.11.013. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Becker, T, Corcoran, TC, Greaves-Tunnell, A, Iafrate, JR, Jing, J, Miller, SJ, Porfilio, JD, Ronan, R, Samranvedhya, J and Strauch, FW (2013). Benford's Law and Continuous Dependent Random Variables. Preprint arXiv:1309.5603 [math.PR]; last accessed October 23, 2018. DOI:10.1016/j.aop.2017.11.013. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Benjamin, AT (2019). The Long and the Short of Benford’s Law. Math Horizons 26(4), pp. 8-9. DOI:10.1080/10724117.2019.1568086. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Berger, A and Hill, TP (2020). The mathematics of Benford’s law: a primer. Statistical Methods & Applications 30, pp. 779-795. DOI:10.1007/s10260-020-00532-8. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Twelves, I (2018). On the significands of uniform random variables. Journal of Applied Probability 55(2), pp. 353-367. DOI:10.1017/jpr.2018.23. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Xu, C (2018). Best Finite Approximations of Benford’s Law. Journal of Theoretical Probability. DOI:10.1007/s10959-018-0827-z. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Best, A, Dynes, P, Edelsbrunner, X, McDonald, B, Miller, SJ, Tor, K, Turnage-Butterbaugh, C and Weinstein, M (2014). Benford Behavior of Zeckendorf Decompositions. Fibonacci Quarterly 52(5), pp. 35–46. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Best, A, Dynes, P, Edelsbrunner, X, McDonald, B, Miller, SJ, Tor, K, Turnage-Butterbaugh, C and Weinstein, M (2017). Benford Behavior of Generalized Zeckendorf Decompositions. In: Nathanson M. (eds) Combinatorial and Additive Number Theory II. CANT 2015, CANT 2016. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, vol 220. Springer, Cham. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-68032-3_3. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Betti, L, Durmić, I, McDonald, Z, Miller, JB and Miller, SJ (2023). Benfordness of Measurements Resulting from Box Fragmentation. Preprint arXiv:2304.08335 [math.PR]; last accessed April 29, 2023. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Bi, Z, Durmić, I and Miller, SJ (2022). Benfordness of the Generalized Gamma Distribution. Preprint arXiv:2201.10514 [math.PR]; last accessed January 31, 2022. Published in The PUMP Journal of Undergraduate Research 5, pp. 89–104. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Blondeau da Silva, S (2019). BeyondBenford: An R Package to Determine Which of Benford’s or BDS’s Distributions is the Most Relevant. Preprint hal-02310013; also posted on arXiv:1910.06104 [physics.soc-ph]; last accessed October 21, 2019. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Blondeau Da Silva, S (2020). Limits of Benford’s Law in Experimental Field. International Journal of Applied Mathematics 33(4), pp. 685-695. DOI:10.12732/ijam.v33i4.12. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Blondeau Da Silva, S (2020). BeyondBenford: Compare the Goodness of Fit of Benford's and Blondeau Da Silva's Digit Distributions to a Given Dataset. R package version 1.4. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Blondeau Da Silva, S (2021). BeyondBenford R Package to compare Benford's and BDS's Distributions. Computer Science Journal of Moldova 29(2), p. 241-256. View Complete Reference No online information available Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Bond, KD, Conrad, CR, Moses, D and Simmons, JW (2021). Detecting anomalies in data on government violence. Political Science Research and Methods, pp. 1-8. DOI:10.1017/psrm.2021.40. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Bradinoff, N and Duits, M (2023). Benford's law and the CβE. Preprint arXiv:2302.02932 [math.PR]; last accessed March 10, 2023. DOI:10.48550/ARXIV.2302.02932. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Burgos, A and Santos, A (2021). The Newcomb–Benford law: Scale invariance and a simple Markov process based on it (Previous title: The Newcomb–Benford law: Do physicists use more frequently the key 1 than the key 9?). Preprint arXiv:2101.12068 [physics.pop-ph]; last accessed August 8, 2022; Published Am. J. Phys. 89, pp. 851-861. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Burns, BD (2020). Do people fit to Benford’s law, or do they have a Benford bias?. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Virtual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 1729-1735. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Butgereit, L (2021). Covid-19 New Cases Measurements and Benford's Law with Specific Focus on South Africa. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Computing and Data Communication Systems (icABCD), Durban, South Africa, pp. 1-5. DOI:10.1109/icABCD51485.2021.9519321. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Butgereit, L (2021). Focusing Benford’s Law on the Daily Covid-19 Cases Numbers and Daily Covid-19 Deaths Numbers. 2021 IEEE AFRICON, pp. 1-6. DOI:10.1109/AFRICON51333.2021.9570989. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Butgereit, L (2021). Covid Cases and Covid Deaths as seen through Benford's Law – With a Special View to Africa. 2021 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME), pp. 1-6 . DOI:10.1109/ICECCME52200.2021.9591143. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Bwarleling, TH and Kinasih, PR (2022). Language Preferences from Accounting and Linguistic Perspective in Sustainability Report . Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Opportunities and Challenges In Management, Economics, and Accounting, Paris, France . DOI:10.33422/9th.omeaconf.2022.08.100. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
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Campanelli, L (2022). On the Euclidean distance statistic of Benford’s law. Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, pp. 1-24. DOI:10.1080/03610926.2022.2082480}. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
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Campanelli, L (2022). Breaking Benford’s law: A statistical analysis of Covid-19 data using the Euclidean distance statistic. Preprint submitted to Statistics in Transition. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Campanelli, L (2022). Monkeypox Obeys the (Benford's) Law: A Dynamic Analysis of Daily Case Counts in the United States of America. Preprint submitted to Statistics in Tran- sition new series.. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Campanelli, L (2022). Tuning up the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for testing Benford’s law. Preprint on ResearchGate. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Campos, L, Salvo, AE and Flores-Moya, A (2016). Natural taxonomic categories of angiosperms obey Benford's law, but artificial ones do not. Systematics and Biodiversity 14(5), pp. 431-440. ISSN/ISBN:1477-2000 (Print)/ 1. DOI:10.1080/14772000.2016.1181683. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Cangiotti, N and Sensi, M (2022). Benford’s Law: A Number-Theoretical Perspective . Palestine Journal of Mathematics 11(3), pp. 379–385. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Capalbo, F, Galati, L, Lupi, C and Smarra, M (2022). The Impact of Elections on the Quality of Financial Statements in Municipally Owned Entities. University of Molise Economics and Statistics Discussion Paper n. 078/22. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Capalbo, F, Galati, L, Lupi, C and Smarra, M (2023). Local elections and the quality of financial statements in municipally owned entities: A Benford analysis. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 173 p. 113752. DOI:10.1016/j.chaos.2023.113752. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Cerasa, A (2022). Testing for Benford’s Law in very small samples: Simulation study and a new test proposal. PLoS ONE 17(7), pp. e0271969. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0271969. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Cerioli, A, Barabesi, L, Cerasa, A, Menegatti, M and Perrotta, D (2019). Newcomb-Benford law and the detection of frauds in international trade. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116(1), pp. 106-115. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1806617115. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Cerqueti, R and Lupi, C (2021). Some New Tests of Conformity with Benford's Law. Stats 4(3), pp. 745-761. DOI:10.3390/stats4030044. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Cerqueti, R and Maggi, M (2021). Data validity and statistical conformity with Benford’s Law. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 144, p. 110740 . DOI:10.1016/j.chaos.2021.110740. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Chang, JC (2017). A Study of Benford's Law, With Applications to the Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements. Masters Thesis, The Graduate School Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Chen, E, Park, PS and Swaminathan, AA (2016). On logarithmically Benford Sequences. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 144, pp. 4599-4608. DOI:10.1090/proc/13112 . View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
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Chi, D (2020). First Digit Phenomenon in Number Generation Under Uncertainty: Through the Lens of Benford’s Law. Master's thesis, School of Psychology, University of Sydney. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Chi, D and Burns, BD (2022). Why do People fit to Benford’s Law? – A Test of the Recognition Hypothesis. In: Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, J. Culbertson, A. Perfors, H. Rabagliati & V. Ramenzoni (Eds.), pp. 3648-3654. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
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Durmić, I (2022). Benford Behavior of a Higher Dimensional Fragmentation Processes. Undergraduate thesis, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Durmić, I and Miller SJ (2023). Benford Behavior of a Higher-Dimensional Fragmentation Process. Preprint arXiv:2308.07404 [math.PR]; last accessed August 24, 2023. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Durst, RF, Huynh, C, Lott, A, Miller, SJ, Palsson, EA, Touw, W and Vreind, G (2016). The Inverse Gamma Distribution and Benford's Law. Preprint in arXiv:1609.04106 [math.PR]; last accessed October 23, 2018. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Durst, RF and Miller, SJ (2017). Benford's Law Beyond Independence: Tracking Benford Behavior in Copula Models. Preprint in arXiv:1801.00212 [math.PR]; last accessed October 23, 2018. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
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Fang, X, Miller, SJ, Sun, M and Verga, A (2023). Generalized Continuous and Discrete Stick Fragmentation and Benford’s Law. Preprint arXiv:2309.00766 [math.PR]; last accessed September 12, 2023. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Fang, X, Miller, SJ, Sun, M and Verga, A (2024). Benford’s Law and Random Integer Decomposition with Congruence Stopping Condition. Preprint. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Farris, M, Luntzlara, N, Miller, SJ, Shao, L and Wang, M (2021). Recurrence Relations and Benford's Law. Statistical Methods & Applications 30, pp. 797–817. DOI:10.1007/s10260-020-00547-1. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Farris, M, Luntzlara, N, Miller, SJ, Zhao, L and Wang, M (2019). Recurrence Relations and Benford’s Law. Preprint arXiv:1911.09238 [math.PR]; last accessed December 8, 2019. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Fu, Q, Villas-Boas, SB and Judge, G (2019). Does china income FSDs follow Benford? A comparison between Chinese income first significant digit distribution with Benford distribution. China Economic Journal 12(1), pp. 68-76. DOI:10.1080/17538963.2018.1477418. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Galati, L (2020). Do Municipally Owned Utilities Round Earnings Before Elections? An Application of the Benford's Law. Unpublished Master's Dissertation, University of Molise. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.36384.51204. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Giannakis, N and Burlac, L (2021). Benford’s Law: Analysis of the trustworthiness of COVID-19 reporting in the context of different political regimes. Bachelor’s Degree Project in Mathematics, Division of Mathematics and Physics Mälardalen University, Sweden. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
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