This work cites the following items of the Benford Online Bibliography:
Allaart, PC (1997). An invariant-sum characterization of Benford's law. Journal of Applied Probability 34(1), pp. 288-291. | ![]() |
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Balashov, VS, Yan, Y and Zhu, X (2021). Using the Newcomb–Benford law to study the association between a country’s COVID-19 reporting accuracy and its development. Scientific Reports 11, pp. 22914. DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-02367-z. | ![]() |
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Beber, B and Scacco, A (2012). What the Numbers Say: A Digit-Based Test for Election Fraud. Political Analysis 20 (2), pp. 211-234. DOI:10.1093/pan/mps003. | ![]() |
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Benford, F (1938). The law of anomalous numbers. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 78, No. 4 (Mar. 31, 1938), pp. 551-572. | ![]() |
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Berger, A and Hill, TP (2011). A basic theory of Benford's Law . Probability Surveys 8, pp. 1-126. DOI:10.1214/11-PS175. | ![]() |
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Berger, A and Hill, TP (2015). An Introduction to Benford's Law. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ. ISSN/ISBN:9780691163062. | ![]() |
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Bolton, RJ and Hand, DJ (2002). Statistical Fraud Detection: a review. Statistical Science 17(3), pp. 235-249. | ![]() |
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Brähler, G, Bensmann, M and Emke, AL (2010). Der Einsatz mathematisch-statistischer Methoden in der digitalen Betriebsprüfung. Illmenauer Schriften zur Betriebswirtschaftslehre 4/2010. GER | ![]() |
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Brähler, G, Bensmann, M and Jakobi, HR (2011). Das Benfordsche Gesetz und seine Anwendbarkeit bei der digitalen Prüfung von Fahrtenbüchern. Ilmenauer Schriften zur Betriebswirtschaftslehre 3/2011. ISSN/ISBN:978-3-940882-28-8. GER | ![]() |
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Brinkert, D (2016). Benford’s Law - eine numerische Untersuchung zur Anwendbarkeit statistischer Anpassungstests und praktische Anwendung auf volkswirtschaftliche Zahlen Deutschlands sowie Kfz Versicherungsschäden. PhD Dissertation Technische Universität Ilmenau. GER | ![]() |
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Burgos, A and Santos, A (2021). The Newcomb–Benford law: Scale invariance and a simple Markov process based on it (Previous title: The Newcomb–Benford law: Do physicists use more frequently the key 1 than the key 9?). Preprint arXiv:2101.12068 [physics.pop-ph]; last accessed August 8, 2022; Published Am. J. Phys. 89, pp. 851-861. | ![]() |
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Burns, BD (2020). Do people fit to Benford’s law, or do they have a Benford bias?. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Virtual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 1729-1735. | ![]() |
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Burns, BD and Krygier, J (2015). Psychology and Benford’s Law. In: S.J. Miller (ed.) Benford's Law: Theory and Applications, Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, pp. 267-275. | ![]() |
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Busta, B and Weinberg, R (1998). Using Benford’s law and neural networks as a review procedure. Managerial Auditing Journal 13(6), pp. 356-366. DOI:10.1108/02686909810222375. | ![]() |
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Carslaw, CAPN (1988). Anomalies in Income Numbers: Evidence of Goal Oriented Behavior. The Accounting Review 63(2), pp. 321-327. | ![]() |
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Deckert, J, Myagkov, M and Ordeshook, PC (2011). Benford's Law and the Detection of Election Fraud. Political Analysis 19(3), pp. 245-268. DOI:10.1093/pan/mpr014. | ![]() |
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Diaconis, P and Freedman, D (1979). On Rounding Percentages. Journal of the American Statistical Association 74(366), pp. 359-364. ISSN/ISBN:0162-1459. | ![]() |
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Diekmann, A (2007). Not the First Digit! Using Benford's Law to Detect Fraudulent Scientific Data. Journal of Applied Statistics 34(3), pp. 321-329. ISSN/ISBN:0266-4763. DOI:10.1080/02664760601004940. | ![]() |
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Dlugosz, S and Müller-Funk, U (2009). The value of the last digit: statistical fraud detection with digit analysis. Advances in Data Analysis and Classification 3, pp. 281-290. DOI:10.1007/s11634-009-0048-5. | ![]() |
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Farhadi, N and Lahooti, H (2022). Forensic Analysis of COVID-19 Data from 198 Countries Two Years after the Pandemic Outbreak. COVID 2(4), pp. 472-484. DOI:10.3390/covid2040034. | ![]() |
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Geidel, FA (2022). Benford’s Law als Indikator zur Aufdeckung von Preiskollusion: Eine empirische Studie am Beispiel des westaustralischen Tankstellenmarktes [Benford’s Law as an indicator for detecting price collusion: An empirical study using the Western Australian petrol. Bd. 560, Schriftenreihe innovative betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung und Praxis, Verlag Dr. Kovač, Hamburg. GER | ![]() |
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Giles, DE (2007). Benford's law and naturally occurring prices in certain eBay auctions. Applied Economics Letters 14(3), pp. 157-161. ISSN/ISBN:1350-4851. DOI:10.1080/13504850500425667. | ![]() |
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Glück, M (2015). Die Benford-Verteilung: Mathematische Grundlagen und Anwen- dungsmöglichkeit in der Marktforschung [The Benford Distribution: Mathematical Principles and Possible Applications in Market Research] . Diplomica Verlag, Hamburg. GER | ![]() |
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Good, IJ (1965). Letter to the Editor. The American Statistician 19(3), p. 43. | ![]() |
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Hartmann, S and Brinkert, D (2018). Aufdeckung von Versicherungsbetrug bei Kfz-Schäden mit Hilfe des Benford-Tests [Detecting insurance fraud for vehicle damage using the Benford test]. Zeitschrift für die gesamte Versicherungswissenschaft 107(4), pp. 41-59. DOI:10.1007/s12297-017-0396-8. GER | ![]() |
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Hill, TP (1988). Random-Number Guessing and the First Digit Phenomenon. Psychological Reports 62(3), pp. 967-971. ISSN/ISBN:0033-2941. DOI:10.2466/pr0.1988.62.3.967. | ![]() |
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Hill, TP (1995). The Significant-Digit Phenomenon. American Mathematical Monthly 102(4), pp. 322-327. DOI:10.2307/2974952. | ![]() |
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Hill, TP (1995). A Statistical Derivation of the Significant-Digit Law. Statistical Science 10(4), pp. 354-363. ISSN/ISBN:0883-4237. | ![]() |
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Hill, TP (1995). Base-Invariance Implies Benford's Law. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 123(3), pp. 887-895. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9939. DOI:10.2307/2160815. | ![]() |
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Hill, TP (1999). The difficulty of faking data. Chance 12(3), pp. 27-31. DOI:10.1080/09332480.1999.10542154. | ![]() |
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Hill, TP and Schürger, K (2005). Regularity of digits and significant digits of random variables. Journal of Stochastic Processes and their Applications 115(10), pp. 1723-1743. ISSN/ISBN:0304-4149. DOI:10.1016/j.spa.2005.05.003. | ![]() |
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Hsü, EH (1948). An Experimental Study on "Mental Numbers" and a New Application. The Journal of General Psychology 38, pp. 57-67. DOI:10.1080/00221309.1948.9711768. | ![]() |
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Humenberger, H (2018). Das „Benford-Gesetz“ – Warum ist die Eins als führende Ziffer von Zahlen bevorzugt? [Benford’s Law – Why is one preferred as the leading digit of numbers?]. in: Siller, H./Greefrath/G., W., Blum (Hrsg.), Neue Materialien für einen realitätsbezogenen Mathematikunterricht, 4. Realitätsbezüge im Mathematikunterricht, S. 161–176, Springer Spektrum, Wiesbaden. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-17599-3_12. GER | ![]() |
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Jasak, Z (2019). Benford’s Law and Sum Invariance Testing. In: Avdaković, S. (eds) Advanced Technologies, Systems, and Applications III. IAT 2018. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 59. Springer, Cham, pp. 13-21. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-02574-8_2. | ![]() |
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Jech, T (1992). The Logarithmic Distribution of Leading Digits and Finitely Additive Measures. Discrete Mathematics 108(1-3), pp. 53-57. ISSN/ISBN:0012-365X. DOI:10.1016/0012-365X(92)90659-4. | ![]() |
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Kempf, D and Fischer, A (2008). Digitale Datenanalyse – ein adäquates Mittel zur Aufdeckung von Unregelmäßigkeiten in der Rechnungslegung. online document Universität Münster, Germany. GER | ![]() |
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Koch, C and Okamura, K (2020). Benford's Law and COVID-19 Reporting. Posted on SSRN April 28, 2020; last accessed November 17, 2020. Published in Econ Lett 2020;196(109973) . | ![]() |
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