Benford, F (1938). The law of anomalous numbers. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 78, No. 4 (Mar. 31, 1938), pp. 551-572.
|
|
|
|
|
Cho, WKT and Gaines, BJ (2007). Breaking the (Benford) law: Statistical fraud detection in campaign finance. American Statistician 61(3), pp. 218-223. ISSN/ISBN:0003-1305. DOI:10.1198/000313007X223496.
|
|
|
|
|
Durtschi, C, Hillison, W and Pacini, C (2004). The effective use of Benford’s law to assist in detecting fraud in accounting data. Journal of Forensic Accounting 1524-5586/Vol. V, pp. 17-34.
|
|
|
|
|
Fewster, RM (2009). A Simple Explanation of Benford's Law. American Statistician 63(1), pp. 26-32. DOI:10.1198/tast.2009.0005.
|
|
|
|
|
Fu, D, Shi, YQ and Su, W (2007). A generalized Benford’s law for JPEG coefficients and its applications in image forensics. Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 6505, Security, Steganography and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX, San Jose, California, January 28 - February 1, 2007, pp. 65051L-65051L-11. DOI:10.1117/12.704723.
|
|
|
|
|
Gauvrit, N and Delahaye, J-P (2011). Scatter and Regularity Implies Benford's Law... and More. in H. Zenil (Ed.) Randomness Through Complexity, Singapore, World Scientific, 53-69. ISSN/ISBN:13978-981-4327-74-9.
|
|
|
|
|
Giles, DE (2007). Benford's law and naturally occurring prices in certain eBay auctions. Applied Economics Letters 14(3), pp. 157-161. ISSN/ISBN:1350-4851. DOI:10.1080/13504850500425667.
|
|
|
|
|
Göb, R (2007). Data Conformance Testing by Digital Analysis - A Critical Review and an Approach to More Appropriate Testing. Quality Engineering Volume 19(4), pp. 281-297. DOI:10.1080/08982110701633721.
|
|
|
|
|
Hales, DN, Sridharan, V, Radhakrishnan, A, Chakravorty, SS and Sihad, SM (2008). Testing the accuracy of employee-reported data: An inexpensive alternative approach to traditional methods. European Journal of Operational Research 189(3), pp. 583-593.
|
|
|
|
|
Hill, TP (1995). A Statistical Derivation of the Significant-Digit Law. Statistical Science 10(4), pp. 354-363. ISSN/ISBN:0883-4237.
|
|
|
|
|
Hill, TP (1995). Base-Invariance Implies Benford's Law. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 123(3), pp. 887-895. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9939. DOI:10.2307/2160815.
|
|
|
|
|
Judge, G and Schechter, L (2009). Detecting problems in survey data using Benford’s law. J. Human Resources 44, pp. 1-24. DOI:10.3368/jhr.44.1.1.
|
|
|
|
|
Leemis, LM, Schmeiser, BW and Evans, DL (2000). Survival Distributions Satisfying Benford's Law. American Statistician 54(4), pp. 236-241. ISSN/ISBN:0003-1305. DOI:10.2307/2685773.
|
|
|
|
|
Lolbert, T (2008). On the non-existence of a general Benford's law. Mathematical Social Sciences 55(2), pp. 103-106. ISSN/ISBN:0165-4896. DOI:10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2007.09.001.
|
|
|
|
|
Mardia, KV (1972). The distribution of first significant digits. pp 92-93 in: Statistics of Directional Data, Academic Press. ISSN/ISBN:9780124711501.
|
|
|
|
|
Mebane, WR Jr (2006). Election Forensics: The Second-digit Benford’s Law Test and Recent American Presidential Elections. pp 161-181 in: Alvarez, RM, Hall, TE and Hyde, SD (eds.), Election Fraud: Detecting and Deterring Electoral Manipulation. Brookings Press, Washington DC. ISSN/ISBN:9780815701606.
|
|
|
|
|
Mebane, WR Jr (2009). Note on the presidential election in Iran, June 2009. updated notes on author's website.
|
|
|
|
|
Morrow, J (2010). Benford's Law, Families of Distributions and a Test Basis. E-print formerly published on www.johnmorrow.info; last accessed Mar 10, 2021. .
|
|
|
|
|
Newcomb, S (1881). Note on the frequency of use of the different digits in natural numbers. American Journal of Mathematics 4(1), pp. 39-40. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9327. DOI:10.2307/2369148.
|
|
|
|
|
Nigrini, MJ and Mittermaier, LJ (1997). The use of Benford's Law as an aid in analytical procedures. Auditing - A Journal of Practice & Theory 16(2), 52-67. ISSN/ISBN:0278-0380.
|
|
|
|
|
Raimi, RA (1976). The First Digit Problem. American Mathematical Monthly 83(7), pp. 521-538. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9890. DOI:10.2307/2319349.
|
|
|
|
|
Roukema, BF (2009). Benford's Law Anomalies in the 2009 Iranian presidential election. preprint arXiv:0906.2789.
|
|
|
|
|
Sandron, F (2002). Do populations conform to the law of anomalous numbers?. Population 57(4/5), 753-761 (translated from French by SR Hayford). ISSN/ISBN:1634-2941. DOI:10.3917/popu.204.0761.
|
|
|
|
|
Scott, PD and Fasli, M (2001). Benford’s law: an empirical investigation and a novel explanation. CSM Technical Report 349, Department of Computer Science, University of Essex, UK.
|
|
|
|
|
Varian, HR (1972). Benford’s law. The American Statistician 26(3), 65-66. DOI:10.1080/00031305.1972.10478934.
|
|
|
|
|
Wallace, WA (2002). Assessing the quality of data used for benchmarking and decision-making. The Journal of Government Financial Management 51(3), pp. 16-22.
|
|
|
|
|