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Kafri, O (2025)

Entropy: From Clausius to Heisenberg

Preprint on ResearchGate.

ISSN/ISBN: Not available at this time. DOI: Not available at this time.



Abstract: Entropy has two distinct definitions: Clausius entropy, which relates to the transfer of energy, and Boltzmann entropy, which is associated with the distribution of energy. In both definitions, the energy is a real number, which means there is no separation between potential and kinetic energy. However, the Hamiltonian in quantum mechanics consists of two separate terms: a real part for potential energy and an imaginary part for kinetic energy. Here, we calculate the entropy of a complex energy and obtain a unification of quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and number theory. It is demonstrated that, analogous to the Fourier pairs of time-energy and position-momentum in quantum mechanics, there are Fourier pairs of pressure-volume and temperature-particles in statistical mechanics, as well as an amplitude-phase pair in information science.


Bibtex:
@misc{, author = {Oded Kafri}, year = {2025}, title = {Entropy: From Clausius to Heisenberg}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Oded-Kafri/publication/395049176_Entropy_From_Clausius_to_Heisenberg/links/68b2b4b2360112563e0f47aa/Entropy-From-Clausius-to-Heisenberg.pdf}, }


Reference Type: Preprint

Subject Area(s): Physics