VIEW CHRONOLOGICAL
(1881) |
Newcomb, S
Note on the frequency of use of the different digits in natural numbers.
American Journal of Mathematics 4(1), 39-40. |
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(1912) |
Poincaré, H
Répartition des décimales dans une table numérique.
pp 313-320 in: Calcul des Probabilités, Gauthier-Villars, Paris. |
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(1916) |
Weyl, H
Über die Gleichverteilung von Zahlen mod Eins.
Mathematische Annalen 77, 313-352. |
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(1917) |
Franel, J
A propos des tables de logarithmes.
Festschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich, Vierteljahrsschrift 62, 286-295. |
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(1920) |
Boring, EG
The logic of the normal law of error in mental measurement.
American Journal of Psychology 31, 1-33. ISSN: 0002-9556. |
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(1938) |
Benford, F
The law of anomalous numbers.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 78, 551-572. |
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(1939) |
Lévy, P
L'addition des variables aléatoires définies sur une circonférence.
Bull. Soc. Math. France 67, 1-41. |
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(1944) |
Goudsmit, SA and Furry, WH
Significant figures of numbers in statistical tables.
Nature 154(3921), 800-801. ISSN: 0028-0836. |
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(1945) |
Furry, WH and Hurwitz, H
Distribution of numbers and distribution of significant figures.
Nature 155(3924), 52-53. |
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(1946) |
Furlan, LV
Das Harmoniegesetz der Statistik: Eine Untersuchung ueber die metrische Interdependenz der sozialen Erscheinungen.
Basel, Verlag fuer Recht und Gesellschaft AG, xiii:504p. |
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(1948) |
Geiringer, H
Review of L.V. Furlan’s book.
Journal of the American Statistical Association 43, 325-328. |
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(1948) |
Hsü, EH
An Experimental Study on "Mental Numbers" and a New Application.
The Journal of General Psychology 38, 57-67. |
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(1950) |
Moser, L and Macon, N
On the distribution of first digits of powers.
Scripta Mathematica 16, 290-292. |
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(1952) |
Tsuji, M
On the uniform distribution of numbers mod 1.
Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan 4(3/4), 313-322. |
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(1956) |
Herzel, A
Sulla distribuzione delle cifre iniziali die numeri statistici.
Atti XV e XVI Riunione sci., Roma 1956, 205-228. |
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(1956) |
Wallis, WA and Roberts, HV
First digits of statistical tables.
Example 331, pp 331-332 in: Statistics: A New Approach, The Free Press of Glencoe, Illinois, USA. |
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(1957) |
Gini, C
Sulla frequenza delle cifre iniziali dei numeri osservati.
Bull. Inst. Internat. Stat., 29th session, 35(2), 57-76. |
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(1961) |
Cigler, J and Helmberg, G
Neuere Entwicklungen der Theorie der Gleichverteilung.
Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker Vereinigung 64, 1-50. |
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(1961) |
Pinkham, RS
On the Distribution of First Significant Digits.
Annals of Mathematical Statistics 32(4), 1223-1230. ISSN: 0003-4851. |
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(1961) |
Wouk, A
On digit distributions of random variables.
J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. 9(4), 597-603. |
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(1963) |
Weaver, W
The distribution of first significant digits.
pp 270-277 in: Lady Luck: The Theory of Probability, Doubleday Anchor Series, New York. Republished by Dover, 1982. |
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(1964) |
Cigler, J
Methods of summability and uniform distribution mod 1.
Compositio Mathematica 16, 44-51. |
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(1965) |
Good, IJ
Letter to the Editor.
The American Statistician 19(3), 43. |
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(1965) |
Konheim, AG
Mantissa distribution.
Mathematics of Computation 19, 143-144. |
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(1966) |
Flehinger, BJ
On Probability that a Random Integer has Initial Digit A.
American Mathematical Monthly 73(10), 1056-1061. ISSN: 0002-9890. |
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(1967) |
Duncan, RL
An application of uniform distributions to the Fibonacci numbers.
Fibonacci Quarterly 5, 137-140. |
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(1968) |
Adhikari, AK and Sarkar, BP
Distributions of most significant digit in certain functions whose arguments are random variables.
Sankhya-The Indian Journal of Statistics Series B, no. 30, 47-58. |
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(1968) |
Shenton, LR
Periodicity and density of modified Fibonacci sequences.
Fibonacci Quarterly 6(2), 109-116. |
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(1969) |
Adhikari, AK
Some Results on Distribution of Most Significant Digit.
Sankhya-The Indian Journal of Statistics Series B, 31 (Dec), 413-420. ISSN: 0581-5738. |
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(1969) |
Bumby, R and Ellentuck, E
Finitely additive measures and the first digit problem.
Fundamenta Mathematicae 65, 33-42. |
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(1969) |
Duncan, RL
Note on the initial digit problem.
Fibonacci Quarterly 7(5), 474-475. |
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(1969) |
Kuipers, L
Remark on a paper by R.L. Duncan concerning the uniform distribution mod 1 of the sequence of the logarithms of the Fibonacci numbers.
Fibonacci Quarterly 7, 465-466, 473. |
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(1969) |
Raimi, RA
The Peculiar Distribution of First Digits.
Scientific American 221(6), 109-119. ISSN: 0036-8733. |
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(1969) |
Raimi, RA
On Distribution of First Significant Figures.
American Mathematical Monthly 76(4), 342-348. ISSN: 0002-9890. |
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(1970) |
Brown, JR and Duncan, RL
Modulo one uniform distribution of the sequence of logarithms of certain recursive sequences.
Fibonacci Quarterly 8, 482-486. ISSN: 0015-0517. |
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(1970) |
Hamming, R
On the distribution of numbers.
Bell Syst. Tech. J. 49(8), 1609-1625. |
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(1971) |
Feller, W
An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications.
p 63, vol 2, 2nd ed. J. Wiley. |
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(1971) |
Thorp, E and Whitley, R
Poincaré's conjecture and the distribution of digits in logarithm tables.
Compositio Mathematica 23(2), 233-250. |
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(1971) |
Wlodarski, J
Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers tend to obey Benford’s law.
Fibonacci Quarterly 9, 87-88. |
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(1972) |
Mardia, KV
The distribution of first significant digits.
pp 92-93 in: Statistics of Directional Data, Academic Press. |
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(1972) |
Varian, HR
Benford’s law.
The American Statistician 26(3), 65-66. |
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(1972) |
Whitney, RE
Initial digits for the sequence of primes.
American Mathematical Monthly 79(2), 150-152. |
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(1973) |
Kreifelts, T
Optimal Choice of Basis for a Floating-Point Arithmetic [Optimale Wahl für eine Gleitkomma-Arithmetik] .
Computing 11(4), 353-363. ISSN: 0010-485X. |
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(1973) |
Kuipers, L and Shiue, JS
Remark on a paper by Duncan and Brown on the sequence of logarithms of certain recursive sequences.
Fibonacci Quarterly 11(3), 292-294. |
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(1973) |
Niederreiter, H and Philipp, W
Berry-Esseen bounds and a theorem of Erdős and Turàn on uniform distribution mod 1.
Duke Mathematical Journal 40(3), 633-649. |
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(1973) |
Sarkar, BP
An Observation on the Significant Digits of Binomial Coefficients and Factorials.
Sankhya - The Indian Journal of Statistics Series B 35(3), 363-364. ISSN: 0581-5738. |
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(1973) |
Sentance, WA
A further analysis of Benford’s law.
Fibonacci Quarterly 11, 490-494. |
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(1974) |
Banks, WP and Hill, DK
The Apparent Magnitude of Number Scaled by Random Production.
Journal of Experimental Psychology 102 (2), 353-376. ISSN: 0022-1015. |
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(1974) |
Duran, JP
Almost convergence, summability and ergodicity.
Canadian Journal of Mathematics 26(2), 372-387. |
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(1974) |
Kuipers, L and Niederreiter, H
Uniform Distribution of Sequences.
J. Wiley. |
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(1974) |
Tsao, NK
On the Distributions of Significant Digits and Roundoff Errors.
Communications of the ACM 17(5), 269-271. ISSN: 0001-0782. |
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(1975) |
Baird, JC
Psychophysical study of numbers: V. Preferred State Theory of Matching Functions.
Psychological Research 38 (Jun), 189-207. |
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(1975) |
Baird, JC
Psychophysical study of numbers: IV. Generalized Preferred State Theory.
Psychological Research 38 (Jun), 175-187. |
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(1975) |
Baird, JC and Noma, E
Psychophysical study of numbers: I. Generation of numerical responses.
Psychological Research 37 (Dec), 281-297. |
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(1975) |
Noma, E and Baird, JC
Psychophysical study of numbers: II. Theoretical models of number generation.
Psychological Research 38 (1), 81-95. |
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(1975) |
Webb, W
Distribution of the first digits of Fibonacci numbers.
Fibonacci Quarterly 13, 334-336. |
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(1975) |
Weissmann, SM, Hollingsworth, SR and Baird, JC
Psychophysical studies of numbers: III. Methodological applications.
Psychological Research 38(1), 97-115. |
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(1976) |
Cohen, DIA
An Explanation of First Digit Phenomenon.
Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A 20(3), 367-370. ISSN: 0097-3165. |
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(1976) |
Davis, B
Some Remarks on Initial Digits.
Fibonacci Quarterly 14(1), 13-14. ISSN: 0015-0517. |
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(1976) |
Feldstein, A and Goodman, R
Convergence Estimates for Distribution of Trailing Digits.
Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, 23(2), 287-297. ISSN: 0004-5411. |
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(1976) |
Raimi, RA
The First Digit Problem.
American Mathematical Monthly 83(7), 521-538. ISSN: 0002-9890. |
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(1977) |
Diaconis, P
Distribution of Leading Digits and Uniform Distribution Mod 1.
Annals of Probability 5(1), 72-81. ISSN: 0091-1798. |
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(1977) |
Goudsmit, SA
Pitfalls in Elementary Probability.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 121(2), 188-189. ISSN: 0003-049X. |
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(1977) |
Rosenkrantz, RD
Benford's Law.
Example 3.6.6, pp 67-68 in: Inference, Method and Decision: Towards a Bayesian Philosophy of Science, Reidel Publishing Company, USA. |
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(1977) |
Ylvisaker, D
Test Resistance.
Journal of the American Statistical Association 72(359), 551-556. ISSN: 0162-1459. |
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(1978) |
Brady, WG
More on Benford’s law.
Fibonacci Quarterly 16, 51-52. |
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(1978) |
Logan, JL and Goudsmit, SA
The First Digit Phenomenon.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 122(4), 193-197. ISSN: 0003-049X. |
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(1978) |
Stigler, SM
Mathematical Statistics in the Early States.
Annals of Statistics 6(2), 239-265. ISSN: 0090-5364. |
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(1979) |
Diaconis, P and Freedman, D
On Rounding Percentages.
Journal of the American Statistical Association 74(366), 359-364. ISSN: 0162-1459. |
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(1979) |
Hafner, EM
Circular slide roulette.
IEEE Communications Magazine 17(2), 29-32. |
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(1981) |
Hubert, JJ
General Bibliometric Models.
Library Trends 30(1), 65-81. ISSN: 0024-2594. |
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(1981) |
Kennard, R and Reith, J
On the distribution of first digits.
Communications in Statistics. Simulation and computation 10(1), 97-98. |
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(1981) |
Knopfmacher, J
Initial digits in number theory.
Fibonacci Quarterly 19(2), 121-126. |
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(1981) |
Peters, JV
An equivalent form of Benford's law.
Fibonacci Quarterly 19(1), 74-76. ISSN: 0015-0517. |
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(1981) |
Peters, JV
A combinatoric proof of Benford's law.
Aequationes Mathematicae 23(1), 122-123. |
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(1981) |
Schatte, P
On random variables with logarithmic mantissa distribution relative to several bases.
Elektronische Informationsverarbeitung und Kybernetik 17(4/6), 293-295. |
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(1981) |
Scozzafava, R
Un esempio concreto di probabilita non σ-additiva: la distribuzione della prima cifra significativa dei dati statistici.
Boll. Un. Mat. Ital. A(5) 18(3), 403-410. |
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(1981) |
Scozzafava, R
Non conglomerability and the First Digit Problem.
Statistica 41(4), 561-565. |
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(1981) |
Washington, LC
Benford’s law for Fibonacci and Lucas numbers.
Fibonacci Quarterly 19, 175-177. |
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(1982) |
Becker, PW
Patterns in Listings of Failure-Rate and MTTF Values and Listings of Other Data.
IEEE Transactions on Reliability 31(2), 132-134. ISSN: 0018-9529. |
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(1982) |
Olver, FWJ
Further Developments of Rp and Ap Error Analysis.
IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis 2(3), 249-274. ISSN: 0272-4979. |
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(1982) |
Pavlov, AI
On the distribution of fractional parts and Benford’s law.
Math. USSR Izvestija 19(1), 65-77. English translation of: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat., 1981, 45(4), 760–774. |
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(1982) |
Regazzini, E
La legge di Benford-Furlan come legge statistica (The Benford-Furlan law as a statistical law).
Statistica 42(3), 351-370. |
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(1982) |
Turner, PR
The Distribution of Leading Significant Digits.
IMA Journal orf Numerical Analysis 2(4), 407-412. ISSN: 0272-4979. |
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(1983) |
Haber, S
Parameters for Integrating Periodic Functions of Several Variables.
Mathematics of Computation 41(163), 115-129. ISSN: 0025-5718. |
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(1983) |
Iyengar, SS, Rajagopal, AK and Uppuluri, VRR
String Patterns of Leading Digits.
Applied Mathematics and Computation 12(4), 321-337. ISSN: 0096-3003. |
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(1983) |
Kak, SC
Strings of first digits of powers of a number.
Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 14(7), 896-907. |
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(1983) |
Robertson, JB, Uppuluri, VRR and Rajagopal, AK
First digit phenomenon and ergodic theory.
Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 95(2), 375-378. |
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(1983) |
Schatte, P
On sums modulo 2π of independent random variables.
Math. Nachr. 110, 243-262. |
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(1983) |
Schatte, P
On H∞ -summability and the uniform distribution of sequences.
Math. Nachr. 113, 237-243. |
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(1983) |
Whittaker, JV
On scale-invariant distributions.
SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 43(2), 257-267. |
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(1984) |
Cohen, DIA and Katz, TM
Prime Numbers and the First Digit Phenomenon.
Journal of Number Theory 18(3), 261-268. ISSN: 0022-314X. |
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(1984) |
Friedberg, SH
The Distribution of First Digits.
College Mathematics Journal 15(2), 120-125. ISSN: 0049-4925. |
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(1984) |
Fuchs, A and Letta, G
Sur le problème du premier chiffre décimal.
Boll. Unione Mat. Ital., VI. Ser., B 3, 451-461. |
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(1984) |
McLaughlin, WI and Lundy, SA
Digit functions of integer sequences.
Fibonacci Quarterly 22(2), 105-115. ISSN: 0015-0517. |
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(1984) |
Nagasaka, K
On Benford's Law.
Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 36(2), 337-352. ISSN: 0020-3157. |
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(1984) |
Nelson, LS
Display Tables and Significant Digits.
Journal of Quality Technology 16(3), 175-176. ISSN: 0022-4065. |
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(1984) |
Rajagopal, AK, Uppuluri, VRR and Scott, DS, Iyengar, SS, Yellayi, M
New structural properties of strings generated by leading digits of 2N.
Applied Mathematics and Computation 14(3), 221-244. |
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(1984) |
Schatte, P
On the asymptotic uniform distribution of sums reduced mod 1.
Math. Nachr. 115, 275-281. |
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(1984) |
Schmidt, R and Lacher, R
Probabilistic repeatability among some irrationals.
College Mathematics Journal 15(4), 330-332. |
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(1984) |
Sheynin, OB
On the History of the Statistical Method in Astronomy.
Archive for History of Exact Sciences 29(2), 151-199. ISSN: 0003-9519. |
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(1984) |
Turner, PR
Further Revelations on LSD.
IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis 4(2), 225-231. ISSN: 0272-4979. |
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(1985) |
Barlow, JL and Bareiss, EH
On Roundoff Error Distributions in Floating Point and Logarithmic Arithmetic.
Computing 34(4), 325-347. ISSN: 0010-485X. |
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(1985) |
Fuchs, A and Nanopoulos, P
Mesures invariantes par translation, classes de Dynkin first-digit problem.
Advances in Mathematics 55, 24-74. |
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(1985) |
Goodman, RH, Feldstein, A and Bustoz, J
Relative Error in Floating-Point Multiplication.
Computing 35, 127-139. ISSN: 1436-5057. |
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(1985) |
Goto, K and Kano, T
Uniform distribution of some special sequences.
Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A Math. Sci. 61(3), 83-86. |
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(1985) |
Raimi, RA
The First Digit Phenomenon Again.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 129(2), 211-219. ISSN: 0003-049X. |
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(1985) |
Tichy, RF
Uniform distribution and diophantine inequalities.
Monatsh. Math. 99(2), 147-152. |
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(1985) |
Uppuluri, VRR and Patil, SA
The distribution of the first j digits of beta related random variables.
Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 14(2), 467-472. |
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(1986) |
Feldstein, A and Turner, P
Overflow, Underflow, and Severe Loss of Significance in Floating-Point Addition and Subtraction.
IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis 6, 241-251. |
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(1986) |
Gilio, A
An application of the pseudodensity concept to the first digit problem significant for statistical data.
Rend. Mat. Appl., VII. Ser. 6 (1-2), 215-224. |
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(1986) |
Good, IJ
Some statistical applications of Poisson’s work.
Statistical Science 1(2), 157-170. |
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(1986) |
Hoare, GTQ and Wright, EE
The distribution of first significant digits.
Math. Gazette 70(451), 34-37. |
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(1986) |
Holzer, S and Sempi, C
A remark on metrics for finitely additive distribution functions.
Stochastica 10(2), 191-194. |
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(1986) |
Katz, TM and Cohen, DIA
The first digit property for exponential sequences is independent of the underlying distribution.
Fibonacci Quarterly 24(1), 2-7. |
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(1986) |
Lemons, DS
On the Numbers of Things and the Distribution of first Digits.
American Journal of Physics 54(9): 816-817. ISSN: 0002-9505. |
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(1986) |
Patil, SA and Uppuluri, VRR
The distribution of first j digits.
College Mathematical Journal 17(3), 240-243. |
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(1986) |
Schatte, P
On the Asymptotic Logarithmic Distribution of the Floating-Point Mantissas of Sums.
Math. Nachr. 127, 7-20. ISSN: 0025-584X. |
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(1987) |
Kunoff, S
N! has the first digit property.
Fibonacci Quarterly 25, 365-367. |
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(1987) |
Nagasaka, K and Shiue, JS
Benford's law for linear recurrence sequences.
Tsukuba Journal of Mathematics 11(2), 341-351. |
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(1987) |
Schatte, P
On the Asymptotic Behaviour of the Mantissa Distributions of Sums.
Journal of Information Processing and Cybernetics EIK 23(7), 353-360. |
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(1987) |
Schatte, P
Some estimates of the H∞ -uniform distribution.
Monatshefte für Mathematik 103, 233-240. |
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(1987) |
Scheidt, JK and Schelin, CW
Distributions of floating point numbers.
Computing 38(4), 315-324. ISSN: 0010-485X. |
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(1987) |
Tichy, RF
Gleichverteilung zum Summierungsverfahren H∞.
Math. Nachr. 131(1), 119-125. |
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(1987) |
Tichy, RF
Statistische Resultate über computergerechte Darstellungen von Zahlen.
Anz. Österreich. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Natur. Kl. 124, 1-8. |
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(1987) |
Turner, PR
The distribution of l.s.d. and its implications for computer design.
The Mathematical Gazette 71 (March), 26-31. |
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(1988) |
Carslaw, CAPN
Anomalies in Income Numbers: Evidence of Goal Oriented Behavior.
The Accounting Review 63, No. 2, 321-327. |
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(1988) |
Hill, TP
Random-Number Guessing and the First Digit Phenomenon.
Psychological Reports 62(3): 967-971. ISSN: 0033-2941. |
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(1988) |
Jager, H and Liardet, P
Distribution arithmétiques des dénominateurs de convergents de fractions continues.
Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Indag. Math. 50(2), 181-197. |
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(1988) |
Kanemitsu, S, Nagasaka, K and Rauzy, G, Shiue, JS
On Benford’s law: the first digit problem.
Lecture Notes in Mathematics 1299, 158-169 (eds. Watanabe, S, and Prokhorov, YV). |
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(1988) |
Schatte, P
On mantissa distributions in computing and Benford’s law.
Journal of Information Processing and Cybernetics EIK 24(9), 443-455. |
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(1988) |
Schatte, P
On the uniform distribution of certain sequences and Benford’s law.
Math. Nachr. 136, 271-273. |
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(1988) |
Schatte, P
On the Almost Sure Convergence of Floating-Point Mantissas and Benford Law.
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Busta, B and Sundheim, R
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Another derivation of Benford’s law.
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Base-Invariance Implies Benford's Law.
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A taxpayer compliance application of Benford’s law.
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The use of Benford's Law as an aid in analytical procedures.
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Anonymous
Numerology for accountants.
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Following Benford’s law, or looking out for no. 1.
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Busta, B and Weinberg, R
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Some remarks on the first digit problem.
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On the hypothesis of psychological barriers in stock markets and Benford’s law.
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(1998) |
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Numerology for Accountants.
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Ständigt dessa ettor ....
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(1998) |
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First Digits.
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(1998) |
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On Benford's law to variable base.
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(1998) |
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Eins zu null für Eins. Der Zufall mag manche Ziffern lieber als andere.
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(1998) |
Slijepčević, S
A note on initial digits of recurrence sequences.
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